what is vinyl chloride used for

Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) is the key material from which PVC is made. Our firm is known for not backing down from a challenge. Molecules of VCM are polymerised to form PVC resin, to which appropriate additives are incorporated to make a customised PVC compound . Contact Shrader & Associates L.L.P. It is one in a series of Public Health Statements about hazardous substances and their health effects. First, the raw material VCM is pressurized and liquefied, and then fed into the polymerization reactor, which contains water and suspending agents in advance. Rigid PVC, also known as PVC-U (The U stands for "unplasticised") is used extensively in building applications such as window frames. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry, an organization under the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vinyl chloride is extremely toxic if inhaled, and it can cause major injuries if exposed to the skin directly. Exposure Limits.    1.1  Raw Materials    5.4 Automotive 8 Further reading. Vinyl chloride is the starting material for the production of polyvinyl chloride, used in the fabrication of products such as PVC pipe. It's used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, wire coatings, vehicle upholstery, and plastic kitchen ware. Vinyl chloride is an intermediate in the production of PVC plastic used in a wide range of products including pipes, wire and cable coatings, packaging materials, upholstery for automobiles and furniture, wall and floor coverings, flooring, backing for carpet, house … The main polymerization methods include suspension, emulsion, and bulk (mass) methods. CH₂=CHCl. The "vinyl" siding used on houses is made of poly(vinyl chloride). For further information on PVC, please visit www.pvcexplained.co.uk, The extraction of salt and hydrocarbon resources, The production of ethylene and chlorine from these resources, The combination of chlorine and ethylene to make the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), The polymerisation of VCM to make poly-vinyl-chloride (PVC). Vinyl chloride, also called chloroethylene, a colourless, flammable, toxic gas belonging to the family of organohalogen compounds and used principally in making polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, a widely used plastic with numerous applications. The mutagenicity of this liver carcinogen is dependent on metabolic activation by CYP450, and detoxification is mediated by mEH. Vinyl Chloride CAS#: 75-01-4 Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine July 2006 This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride. The recycled flooring can be used in the manufacture of new flooring or to produce traffic management products such as traffic cones and road sign bases. It is most commonly used in the formation of other substances, especially polyvinyl chloride, which is used to create all types of plastics, from children’s toys to home materials. Our firm can work with you to build a solid case in your favor and fight major manufacturing companies for the justice and compensation you deserve. Independent research by Mavel Consultants has shown that the typical cost of using alternative materials is in a range 20-100% higher per component. Speciality plasticisers, such as adipates, citrates, benzoates and trimeliltates are used where special physical properties are required such as the ability to withstand very low temperatures or where increased flexibility is important. Automotive applications: Instrument panels and associated mouldings, interior door panels and pockets, sun visors, seat coverings, headlining, seals, mud flaps, underbody coating, floor coverings, exterior side moulding and protective strips and anti-stone damage protection. The first patent for a polymerisation process to manufacture PVC was granted to German inventor Friedrich Klatte in 1913 and PVC has been in commercial production since 1933. Optional additives, include a range of substances from processing aids, impact modifiers, thermal modifiers, UV stabilisers, flame retardants, mineral fillers, pigments, to biocides, and blowing agents for specific applications. EDC is then thermally cracked to yield VCM at a few hundred degrees Celsius. PVC is found in various plastic products, including wire insulation and packaging materials. It's used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, wire coatings, vehicle upholstery, and plastic kitchen ware. The report can be downloaded from the Europa website. After prolonged periods of regular exposure, individuals can develop serious health problems, including severe damage to the lungs, liver, and kidneys. To protect your interests, make sure you know what vinyl chloride is and how it could be dangerous to you. PVC is a versatile material that offers many possible applications, these include; window frames, drainage pipe, water service pipe, medical devices, blood storage bags, cable and wire insulation, resilient flooring, roofing membranes, stationary, automotive interiors and seat coverings, fashion and footwear, packaging, cling film, credit cards, vinyl records, synthetic leather and other coated fabrics. This is our clients are seeking. we work with, we have big firm resources that allow us to get the results 2. It is a naturally white and very brittle (prior to the additions of plasticizers) plastic. When treated with certain catalysts, vinyl chloride monomers undergo polymerization and form the larger compound known as polyvinyl chloride, or PVC. Lords Cricket Ground roof. Its good impact strength and weatherproof attributes make it ideal for construction products. Our attorneys are here to help you seek justice and compensation if you were wrongfully injured. More can be read about these substances either via Plastipedia or an excellent publication available from the BPF Bookshop, entitled “PVC: Reaching for sustainability” by Dr. Mark Everard. 18 As shown in Figure 7-6 , vinyl chloride is a relatively simple compound. PVC has a relatively small carbon footrpint,  the below infographic indicates the CO2 impact PVC compared to other products, PVC windows help to cut energy bills and PVC-based windows account for most BFRC ‘A’ Rated Energy Efficient Windows. It is used in the manufacture of numerous products in building and construction, automotive industry, electrical wire insulation and cables, piping, industrial and household equipment, medical supplies, and is depended upon heavily by the rubber, paper, and glass industries. The latest BRE 'Green Guide to Specification', confirms that PVC is one of the best all-round framing materials currently on the market. winning these cases. The actual PVC polymer content in some flooring applications can be as low as 25% by mass, the remainder accounted for by additives. PVC's compatibility with many different kinds of additives is one of the materials many strengths and is what makes it such a highly versatile polymer. Caustic Soda too has many key, everyday applications, including the following applications: pulp and paper manufacture, soap and surfactant manufacture, detergents and cleaners, aluminia extraction, textiles and in the food industry. It is a naturally white and very brittle (prior to the additions of plasticizers) plastic. How can I be exposed to vinyl chloride? Dow Plastics vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, Saran™, is usually supplied as a white, free flowing powder. PVDC has … tough cases nationwide, and have earned a reputation for taking on and PVC is derived from salt and The Recofloor scheme, managed by Axion Consulting Ltd, provides a mechanism for waste vinyl flooring to be collected and recycled. These additives can influence or determine a number of the products properties, namely; its mechanical properties, weather fastness, its colour and clarity and indeed whether it is to be used in a flexible application.    5.3 Electronics It is also used in making bottles, non-food packaging, food-covering sheets, and cards (such as bank or membership cards). If someone is exposed to vinyl chloride gas, moving to an area with fresh air is usually an adequate remedy, but only if the instance is singular or rare. Due to its versatile nature, PVC is used extensively across a broad range of industrial, technical and everyday applications including widespread use in building, transport, packaging, electrical/electronic and healthcare applications. Some examples of sporting venues using PVC for their roopfing membranes are shown below. 2 Physical Properties The scheme involves the collection of used PVC medical devices including IV solution bags; nasal cannulas; oxygen tubes; anaesthetic masks and oxygen masks. PVC is useful because it resists two things that hate each other: fire and water. With around 1500 hospitals in the UK, estimates put the total tonnage of PVC waste at over 2,000 tonnes per annum. Sources and Potential Exposure [of Vinyl Chloride] Ambient air concentrations of vinyl chloride are generally quite low, with exposure occurring from the discharge of exhaust gases from factories that manufacture or process vinyl chloride, or evaporation from areas where chemical wastes are stored. The use of these phthalates in Europe is limited to certain specialised applications. 1. PVC cables do not harden and crack over time and find use in many applications from telecommunications to electric blankets.    5.6 Coated Fabrics Vinyl chloride is a manufactured substance, used mostly to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic products. Vinyl chloride is an organohalogen compound that has important industrial applications. Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas that, at high levels, has a mild, sweet odor. PVC is versitile and can be used for different colours and effects, often being used as an alternative to traditional wood frames as they offer tremendous energy-saving potential at low cost. Its compatibility with additives allows for the possible addition of flame retardants although PVC is intrinsically fire retardant because of the presence of chlorine in the polymer matrix. "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.". today to learn more about the type of harm vinyl chloride can cause and discover how you might have been exposed. Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) resin, the structure of which is shown in Fig. A shorter version, the ToxFAQs™, is also available. If you or someone you love was diagnosed with brain, liver, or lung cancer, reproductive problems, or other serious health problem after exposure to vinyl chloride, you may have a personal injury case. Men exposed to vinyl chloride over a prolonged period of time reported lower sex drives and sometimes experienced damage to both the sperm and testes. 3.11 Heat stabilisers  Unlike some other known carcinogens, vinyl chloride is a manmade substance. Modern production technologies. Vinyl chloride is a material that is used extensively in the manufacturing and processing of a wide variety of products. The choice of heat stabiliser depends on a number of factors including the technical requirements of the PVC product, regulatory approval requirements and cost. Five key challenges have been identified as priorities according to The Natural Step system conditions for a sustainable society: The Natural Step Framework is an internationally recognised method for sustainability planning that integrates the science of sustainability with business decision-making. Whilst old windows are recycled, the process is far more complex that off-cuts due to contamination such as building debris (e.g. No two individuals are going through the same exact situation. A Total Cost of Ownership study takes into account all costs associated with a product over its entire life cycle. Until the mid-seventies, vinyl chloride was used in a variety of consumer products, including cosmetics, as a propellant in aerosol cans, and as a coolant. They include everything from lifesaving medical devices such as medical tubing and blood bags, to footwear, electrical cables, packaging, stationery, and toys. Most of the vinyl chloride produced in the United States is used to make a polymer called polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which consists of long repeating units of vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride is a highly dangerous chemical used to make numerous plastic materials. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a synthetic resin made from the polymerization of vinyl chloride. They can also enhance the PVC's resistance to daylight, and to weathering and heat ageing. DOT ID & Guide. be reckoned with in the courtroom. As with most recycling streams, sorting is of the utmost importance to achieve optimal recycling of PVC materials. Economical, versatile polyvinyl chloride (PVC, or vinyl) is used in a variety of applications in the building and construction, health care, electronics, automobile and other sectors, in products ranging from piping and siding, blood bags and tubing, to wire and cable insulation, windshield system components and more. They are designed for coating a wide variety of substrates and for impregnation and saturation of fibrous materials like paper, nonwovens, and textiles. From wire insulation to Comic-Con statues, this product is found virtually everywhere. Acrosss the world, the PVC industry has invested heavily to develop sophisticated recycling schemes to ensure that large amounts of PVC can be reused in a new generation of advanced energy efficient, sustainable products. It can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers, the most widely used being phthalates. This colorless compound is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Vycar™ vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride resins are purpose-built for applications that require flame retardancy and chemical, scuff, and mar resistance. The structure and composition of PVC lends itself to being mechanically recycled, with reasonable ease, to produce good quality recycling material. PVC is produced by polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). Picture: Tarkett   |    2 All weather sailing protection    |    3 Inflatable climbing wall.    5.5 Sport 18 As shown in Figure 7-6 , vinyl chloride is a relatively simple compound. VCM is among the top twenty largest petrochemicals (petroleum-derived chemicals) in world production. Materials that compete with PVC are often promoted as a more natural choice, indeed, ‘natural’ does not equate to ‘better’ or ‘more sustainable'. The nature of the material means that blood can be stored safely for longer. Eco-profiles provide environmental analysis for a product from 'cradle-to-gate' (as opposed to the 'cradle-to-grave' approach of Life Cycle Assessment). The mutagenicity of this liver carcinogen is dependent on metabolic activation by CYP450, and detoxification is mediated by mEH.    5.2 Healthcare These are used to reduce friction during processing. Picture: Fotalia. Any small section of the polymer looks like this: Notice that the links between carbon atoms has changed from double-links in the monomer to single-links in the polymer. In other words, this substance has been directly linked to the development of cancer. 1086 116P(inhibited) Formula. PVC is fully recyclable. Further information on PVC-U windows can be found via our Windows Group homepage, www.bpfwindowsgroup.co.uk. Typical examples of PVC automotive components include: PVC brings both high performance qualities and important cost benefits to the automotive industry. Vinyl chloride can enter the air, soil and groundwater following improper disposal of chemical wastes. Early examples of plasticisers include water to soften clay and oils to plasticise pitch for waterproofing ancient boats. Before PVC can be made into products, it has to be combined with a range of special additives. 3.12 Lubricants The functional additives used in all PVC materials include heat stabilisers, lubricants, and in the case of flexible PVC, plasticisers. Picture: Kind permission of Base Structures Ltd. 3. Polyvinyl chloride, better known as PVC or vinyl, is an inexpensive plastic so versatile it has become completely pervasive in modern society. PVC has excellent electrical insulation properties, making it ideal for cabling applications. It's durable, long-lasting, and finds use in a wide range of applications such as construction, packaging, electrical wiring, and medicine. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is one of the most commonly used thermoplastic polymers in the world (next to only a few more widely used plastics like PET and PP). Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. PVC was often used to make vinyl car tops. Prolonged exposure will almost certainly cause the individual to pass out, and exposure to high levels of the gas can be fatal. With high clarity and excellent organoleptic properties (no transfer of taint to food) it is equally suited for use in short term applications such as specialised packaging. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is one of the most widely used polymers in the world. Call us at Window and door profiles, conservatories and atria, Power, data and telecoms wiring and cables, Roofing and ceiling systems and membranes. These include: DINP, DIDP, DPHP, DIUP and DTDP. Some research indicates other lasting damage affecting reproduction in both men and women. It is used in several products in day to day use such as pipes, cable insulation, roofing sheets, packaging foils, floor coverings, bottles, medical products, and so forth.    6.2  Recycling of PVC Higher than normal levels of vinyl chloride may be present inside new cars as the chemical evaporates from new vinyl … The European PVC Industry's ten-year Voluntary Committment to Sustainable Development, know as Vinyl2010, made exceptional progress in waste management, recycling and the responsible use of additives. External lubricants can reduce friction between the PVC and the processing equipment, whereas internal lubricants work on the PVC granules. Background. The most commonly used plasticisers are phthalates which can be divided into two distinct groups with very different applications and classifications; PVC-U windows are one of the best performing products on the market today. 1 Production Vinyl chloride is a manufactured substance, used mostly to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic products. In addition to use in stadiums and sporting venues, PVC is used extensively by athletes from the clothes and shoes they wear to the equipment they use and the surfaces they compete on. It is produced by breaking down other gasses and chemicals, which creates a colorless gas (at room temperature) with a sweet-smelling, mild odor.        3.11 Heat Stablisers Cape Town World Cup 2010 Stadium.    6.5 Voluntary Committment to Sustainable Development (VinylPlus) Is by no means limited to its properties it reprocesses well and can be fatal draw-upon... 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